Ghost Farms:
Unveiling the Impact of Abandoned Fish Farms on Marine Ecosystems and Communities
Abandoned fish farms, also known as 'ghost farms', are aquaculture sites left to decay in the sea after they are abandoned or no longer in use . These once-productive facilities become environmental hazards as their structures deteriorate and release debris, plastic, and pollutants into the surrounding waters. This pollution disrupts marine ecosystems, causing harm to underwater flora and fauna, and creating hazardous conditions for marine life through "ghost fishing"—where abandoned equipment continues to entangle and kill sea creatures. The environmental degradation extends to habitat destruction and affects the local economy by impacting coastal communities, fisheries and tourism. Since 2019, Healthy Seas has focused on addressing this critical issue, having initiated major cleanup operations in Greece in 2021 . In 2024, we launched a larger-scale operation called Ghost Farms: Reclaiming Waters targeting
multiple sites across the western region of Greece. These efforts continued in 2025 with another clean-up in Methana. Our approach involves mapping abandoned fish farms, collaborating with stakeholders, and engaging in extensive cleanup efforts to restore these marine environments. A great part of the collected waste from these massive clean-ups is recycled either locally or, in the case of fish farming nets, through our founding partner Aquafil. Aquafil employs an innovative recycling process that transforms nylon waste—including these nets—into new, high-quality nylon for a range of products. By tackling ghost farms, we aim to rejuvenate local ecosystems, support affected communities, and raise awareness of the broader environmental impact.
Main Impacts of Ghost Farms
- Ecological Impact: Abandoned fish farms become hotspots for environmental degradation. The structures, cages, and equipment left behind often deteriorate, releasing debris, plastic, and pollutants into the surrounding waters. This pollution disrupts the delicate balance of marine life, affecting the health of underwater flora and fauna.
- Ghost Fishing: The abandoned structures can also become traps for marine life, continuing to ensnare fish, turtles, and other sea creatures even after they’re no longer operational. This perpetuates a phenomenon known as “ghost fishing,” where marine animals get caught in these abandoned nets or structures and die, impacting biodiversity and ecosystem health.
- Habitat Degradation: The presence of these derelict structures alters the natural habitats and can damage the seabed, hindering the natural regeneration and growth of marine ecosystems. This alteration further threatens the biodiversity of the Mediterranean’s coastal areas.
- Economic and Social Impact: Abandoned fish farms can impact local economies and communities dependent on healthy marine environments. Reduced fish populations, contaminated waters, and altered habitats can disrupt livelihoods reliant on fishing and tourism, affecting the socio-economic fabric of coastal regions.
A Wrap up of our work
Ghost Farm Projects of Healthy Seas 2021-2025
Some of the results of our work in the last 5 years on this topic.
We also made a documentary about ghost farms and the learnings from these four years working on this problem.
Check out the results from each year
- Ghost Farm Clean- up 2025 – Methana, Greece
- Ghost Farm Clean-up 2024 – Kato Vasiliki, Island of Ithaca and Menidi – Western Greece
- Ghost Farm Clean-up 2022 – Island of Ithaca, Greece
- Ghost Farm Clean-up 2021 – Island of Ithaca, Greece
Additional Resources
Latest News on Ghost Farms
Healthy Seas Brings the Ghost Farms Conversation to the Greek Aquaculture Congress
20 May 2026
